British Antarctic Survey de Havilland Twin Otter during the 2024 CarbonARA campaign

FRM4FIRE Project Team

Making it Happen

FRM4FIRE is delivered by a partnership made up of experts in quality assurance, metrology, field measurements, data processing, and modelling.

Making it Happen

FRM4FIRE is delivered by a partnership made up of experts in quality assurance, metrology, field measurements, data processing, and modelling.

Project lead — NPL

The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) is the UK's National Metrology Institute (NMI), that develops and maintains national primary measurement standards, as well as collaborating with other NMIs to maintain the international system of measurement. As a public sector research establishment, it delivers extraordinary impact by providing the measurement capability that underpins the UK's prosperity and quality of life. It develops the metrology required to ensure the timely and successful deployment of new technologies and works with organisations as they develop and test new products and processes.

NPL is a Public Corporation owned by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. It has a partnering agreement with the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and the University of Strathclyde and the University of Surrey. NPL is part of the National Measurement System (NMS) which provides the UK with a national measurement infrastructure and delivers the UK Measurement Strategy on behalf of the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology.

Building on the radiometric calibration of sources and detectors for satellite pre-flight and field vicarious calibration that started over three decades ago, NPL has opened a much broader conversation about bringing concepts of metrology into Earth Observation (EO). NPL had a lead role in developing the CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites) Quality Assurance Framework for Earth Observation (QA4EO) initially developed for GEO (Group on Earth Observations).

Project lead — NPL

The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) is the UK's National Metrology Institute (NMI), developing and maintaining the national primary measurement standards, as well as collaborating with other NMIs to maintain the international system of measurement. As a public sector research establishment, it delivers extraordinary impact by providing the measurement capability that underpins the UK's prosperity and quality of life. It develops the metrology required to ensure the timely and successful deployment of new technologies and works with organisations as they develop and test new products and processes.

NPL is a Public Corporation owned by the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology. It has a partnering agreement with the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and the University of Strathclyde and the University of Surrey. NPL is part of the National Measurement System (NMS) which provides the UK with a national measurement infrastructure and delivers the UK Measurement Strategy on behalf of the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology.

Building on the radiometric calibration of sources and detectors for satellite pre-flight and field vicarious calibration that started over three decades ago, NPL has opened a much broader conversation about bringing concepts of metrology into Earth Observation (EO). NPL had a lead role in developing the CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites) Quality Assurance Framework for Earth Observation (QA4EO) initially developed for GEO (Group on Earth Observations). Its principles and procedures form the basis of international efforts to increase satellite interoperability, ensure that EO data and derived information is ‘fit for purpose’, readily integrated into user applications and ‘Analysis Ready’. Under this auspice, NPL leads across a wide range of international activities that are working towards the generation of interoperable, quality assured EO data and derived products that encompass in-situ, airborne, satellite and model outputs.

King’s College London

King's College London is a world-renowned university that delivers exceptional education and world-leading research.

The Earth Observation and Wildfire Research Group, within its Department of Geography, is led by Professor Martin Wooster. King's is a leading partner within the National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO), and is focused on Earth Observation of Biosphere-Atmospheric Interactions and Landscape Fire Science, including wildfires and anthropocentric burning.

The group’s work encompasses many aspects of field, airborne, and satellite remote sensing; environmental modelling; and fieldwork, in-situ, and laboratory measurement and experimentation. The group designs and improves algorithms for active fire detection and FRP measurements retrieved from operational geostationary and polar-orbiting satellites and their assimilation within the Global Fire Assimilation System, is part of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, and NASA’s Fire Information Resource Managment system.

Relevant to this project, the group has extensive experience of conducting airborne campaigns, specifically evaluations of Sentinel-3 active fire and FRP products, and as part of the ESA-funded Fire Detection Experiment (FIDEX) project.

University of Southampton

University of Southampton (UoS) is a research-intensive university and a founding member of the Russell Group and ranked fourteenth in the UK and 80th globally.

UoS is an experienced partner in developing active fire detection and fire characterisation algorithms that exploit both spatial and temporal characteristics of the data. It has extensive experience conducting inter-comparison exercises, using innovative approaches, between active fire datasets acquired from satellite sensors and of validating satellite FRP retrievals using helicopter-mounted thermal cameras over prescribed fires in Africa. In addition, it is a recognised leader in employing radiative transfer models that assess the sensitivity of the different environmental effects influencing EO-based FRP retrievals.

Meet the people driving the project

Bernardo Mota and team onboard British Antarctic Survey de Havilland Twin Otter during the 2024 ESA CarbonARA campaign

Dr. Bernardo Mota
Project Lead
National Physical Laboratory

Bernardo Mota is a senior research scientist in the Climate and Earth Observation group at NPL, Teddington, UK, where he has worked since 2020.

After completing a PhD in Forestry at the University of Lisbon, he joined King's College London and the Joint Research Centre in developing approaches to retrieve biomass burning emissions from EO data and a framework to assess the quality of EO based fire products.

At NPL, Bernardo leads the group’s activity around quality assurance of fire products, and development approaches based on metrological methods to characterise the uncertainty and validate fire products retrieved from satellite Earth Observation (EO) data. He currently leads the CEOS Land Product Validation fire sub-group.

Prof. Martin Wooster, King’s College London, Co-Project lead

Martin Wooster, is an environmental physicist and Earth Observation (EO) scientist with more than 30-years’ experience. He specialises in infrared remote sensing and applications.

Previously he was a DfID Scientific Civil Servant delivering practical applications of satellite remote sensing to support management of the environment and natural resources and the impact mitigation of natural hazards in less economically developed nations. He is Professor of Earth Observation Science at King’s College London and a Director within NERC’s National Centre for Earth Observation (NCEO) and the Leverhulme Centre for Wildfires, Environment and Society.

Experienced in scientific project management, team leadership, grant proposal preparation, delivery of field campaigns, training courses, EO product validation and algorithms development to support operational EO products. Professor Wooster has almost 13,000 citations to his published work, and an H-index of 58. He co-leads the international GOFC-GOLD Fire implementation team, which works to link space agencies, fire product developers and users to ensure the quality, consistency, usability and sustainability of satellite fire products and future fire-focused EO missions.

Farrer Owsley-Brown, Project scientist, KCL

Farrer Owsley-Brown is a PhD student at King’s College London, supervised by Prof Martin Wooster. Before joining King’s in 2020, he completed an MSc at UCL and a BSc at Durham University, and worked in cyber security.

He is completing a PhD that is focused on developing techniques to identify flaming from smouldering landscape fires, which will improve emissions estimates. He acted as ‘Science Lead’ on a recent airborne field campaign, the Evaluation and Validation of Sentinel-3 Active Fire Detection and FRP Products Experiment (FIDEX), which was funded by ESA. In this role he worked with technical staff to ensure that the science objectives were met, as well as processing and analysing data collected.

Dr Gareth Roberts, Work package leader, University of Southampton

Gareth Roberts is a lecturer in the School of Geography and Environmental Science at the University of Southampton specialising in environmental remote sensing.

His research interests address the measurement and monitoring of land surface dynamics using optical and thermal remote sensing methods. The latter has focused on improving understanding of fire in the natural environment and on the utilisation of satellite observations to address key questions about effects of fires and their impacts.

Dr. Roberts has developed algorithms to detect landscape fires using geostationary which has been implemented operationally by EUMETSAT. These data have been used to parameterise atmospheric transport models for air quality forecasting which have subsequently been used to quantify the impact of landscape fire emissions on air quality and human health.

Dr Roberts is author or co-author of over 45 peer-reviewed journal publications on this work, and two book chapters.

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