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FRM4FIRE Deliverables

Community reference documents

Accepted FRM4FIRE documents will be referenced in the table below for sharing among wider research communities.

Documents, milestones, and responsible partners

Last updated 23 May 2025.

ID Title Type Milestone Responsible partner
D1 Uncertainty budget document in support of Copernicus Sentinel-3 calibration and validation Report PM2 (draft) & PM4 (final) NPL
D2 Protocols and Procedures for FRM4FIRE Report Final meeting KCL
D3 Strategy for FRP validation Report Final meeting NPL
D4 Operation and updates to the FRM4FIRE web portal Website KO+1 NPL
D5 Web stories for the FRM4FIRE Website Bimonthly NPL
D6 Example reference data for in-situ FRP validation Dataset Final meeting KCL

Work Package 1.1: Uncertainty characterization of FRP retrievals and validation supported on metrological principles — by month 14

Tasks

  • Review S3 FRP retrieval algorithms and airborne based measurement approaches used for validation (NPL)
  • Develop an uncertainty tree diagram for Sentinel-3 L2 FRP products, identifying uncertainty effects and model errors, and compile corresponding effects tables. (NPL)
  • Develop an uncertainty tree diagram for airborne-based measurement procedures, identifying uncertainty effects and model errors, and compile corresponding effects tables. (NPL)
  • Develop an uncertainty tree diagram for validation comparison model, identifying additional uncertainty effects and model errors, and compilation of corresponding effects tables. (NPL)
  • Develop a combined uncertainty propagation model. (NPL)
  • Define pathways for algorithm improvements, based on a sensitivity study of uncertainty reductions. (NPL)

Output

  • D1: Uncertainty budget document to support of Copernicus Sentinel-3 calibration and validation

ESA Sentinel-3 satellite in orbit graphic
FRM4FIRE early Gantt chart

Work Package 1.2: Characterization of uncertainty effects through sensitivity and comparison analysis — by month 14

Tasks

  • Characterise uncertainties associated with temporal mismatches between EO and airborne data for S3 overpass time using geostationary FRP retrievals (NPL)
  • Characterise S3 active fire detection envelope with respect to fire size using high-resolution data if available at sufficiently low time intervals between dataset acquisitions. (KCL)
  • Exploit Sentinel 3 tandem mission data for FRP uncertainty determination by direct comparison of retrievals from S3A and S3B, accounting for radiometry issues outside of calibration range. (KCL)
  • Characterise angular and geometric effects using SLSTR oblique and nadir view data, if available and practical, accounting for sensor point spread function. (KCL,NPL)
  • Compare contemporaneous FRP from SEVIRI and SEVIRI IODC over thermalanomalies viewed by both sensors. (UoS)

Output

  • D1.1 Report of the comparison analysis.

Work Package 1.3: Characterization of Uncertainty effects through Modelling - by month 14

Tasks

  • Evaluate uncertainties associated with the spectral response function and waveband selection (NPL)
  • Evaluate impacts of fire location within a pixel using SEVIRIs PSF (UoS)
  • Evaluate impacts of vegetation structure and land surface heterogeneity on FRP, background characterisation, and fire detection using Radiative Transfer Models (UoS)
  • Sensitivity analysis on FRP retrievals in presence of smoke plumes using MODTRAN and Monte Carlo approaches (KCL)
  • Assess potential of DART model for simulating smoke plumes and impacts on FRP retrievals (UoS)
  • Sensitivity analysis of FRP retrievals in presence of smoke plumes using MODTRAN and Monte Carlo approaches with input and distributions gathered from field data, EO measurements, or scientific literature to indicate errors associated with concentration levels (KCL,NPL)
  • Assess influences of diurnal variability of surface temperature on FRP retrievals using DART (informed by geostationary LST) to characterise the uncertainty in sensor inter-comparison activities (UoS)
  • Assess angular effects of fire location within swaths and evaluate influences of SLSTR image acquisition on FRP using the SLSTR-focused digital-twin simulation (KCL)
  • Investigate impacts of atmospheric gases and band averaged transmission in comparison to actual transmission on FRP in different sensor wavebands using MODTRAN (KCL)
  • Using simulated data, investigate detectable fire size for fire temperatures and surface conditions (e.g. canopy cover) using varying algorithm thresholds (UoS)

 Output

  • D1.3 Report on the modelling results

ESA Sentinel-3 satellite in orbit graphic
FRM4FIRE initial Gantt chart

Work Package 1.4: Lab calibration and uncertainty characterization — by month 14

Tasks

  • Document the processing chain of current installation, operation, radiometric calibration results, and geometric and radiometric processing chains (KCL)
  • Calibration process and operation procedure review and initial assessment of potential uncertainty sources (NPL)
  • Geometric Calibration of the MWIR imager through a collimator at various integration times and temperature set points (NPL)
  • KCL support to NPL Lab Characterisation of MWIR Imager (KCL)
  • Characterise MWIR imager PSF and MTF using a collimator at various integration times and temperature set points (NPL)
  • Calibration validation of MWIR imager at a single temperature set point for four operating integration times (NPL)
  • Characterise the MWIR spectral response function (KCL)

Outputs

  • D1.3 Report on the laboratory instrument characterization

Work Package 2: Reference data gathering — month 18

Tasks

  • Gather airborne MWIR reference data produced in previous airborne campaigns (KCL)
  • Collect further reference data if opportunities arises in external airborne campaign (KCL, NPL)
  • Geo-reference airborne MWIR reference data and process BT values to FRP using an uncertainty propagation model (KCL, NPL)
  • Determine effects to FRP retrievals of targets within measurement field of view (KCL)

Outputs

  • D6: Example reference data for in-situ FRP validation.

Operations onboard British Antarctic Survey de Havilland Twin Otter during the 2024 CarbonARA campaign
Wetikoo wildfire, northern Saskatchewan, 11 September 2024

Work Package 3: FRP validation & intercomparison protocol — month 18

Tasks

  • Define uncertainty requirements and recommendations for airborne based FRP retrievals during Sentinel-3 overpasses supported by metrological principles (NPL)
  • Compile results from in-situ validations of satellite-derived FRP data, primarily using retrievals from Sentinel-3 as a case-study (KCL) Define technical and operational requirements for acquiring optimal reference data for in-situ
  • FRP validation (KCL)
  • Evaluate impacts of canopy cover/density and view angle, where possible, using reference airborne data (KCL)
  • Define data processing methods (KCL)
  • Compile FRP inter-comparison results (KCL,NPL)
  • Define framework for inter-comparisons of FRP retrievals (NPL)

Outputs

  • D2: Protocols and Procedures for FRM4FIRE

Work Package 4: FRP validation long-term strategy — month 18

Tasks

  • Engage with the Cal/val community: S3 QWG; CEOS Cal/Val Land product validation working group (NPL, KCL, UoS)
  • Liaise with fire research community: GWIS GOFC-GOLD Fire IT meeting (NPL, KCL, UoS)
  • Draft roadmap for validating satellite retrieved FRP products (NPL)
  • Produce recommendations for SLSTR-Next Generation instrument development and for operating airborne campaigns (KCL, NPL, UoS)
  • Plan a FRM4Fire phase-2 project (NPL, KCL, UoS)

Outputs

  • D3: Strategy for FRP validation.

British Antarctic Survey de Havilland Twin Otter during the 2024 CarbonARA campaign
Conference Photo by Jakob Dalbjörn on Unsplash

Work Package 5: Communications — continual

Tasks

  • Promote the FRM4fire project activities at meetings, conferences, and via the FRM4FIRE web site, including FRM4FIRE deliverables, links to useful resources, news of interesting and innovative activities (NPL, KCL, UoS)

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Fiducial Reference Measurements
for Fire

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© NPL Management Limited 2025

Fiducial Reference Measurements
for Fire

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© NPL Management Limited 2025